All three judges at ringside scored the fight 120-108 in Khan's favour, with St Clair failing to win a round.
However, the former IBF super-featherweight champion has still yet to be stopped or knocked down in his 47-fight career.
Khan said: "He's a strong, world-class opponent and took every shot I threw, but I enjoyed it in there. It was a good learning fight.
"It's another defence, another tough fight. For these fights I always train like a challenger and I think all the training I have been doing as a professional paid off."
Promoter Frank Warren said Khan's next bout could be in America in April, or he may choose to fight for the European title.